Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common respiratory virus related to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and is among the pathogens that cause upper and lower respiratory tract infections, especially in young children, the elderly, and and immunocompromised individuals. At the beginning of 2025, an outbreak of influenza caused by HMPV in northern China has raised public concern about respiratory illnesses caused by this virus.

Let’s find out what HMPV is, its symptoms, and how to prevent it.

What is HMPV?

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common respiratory virus in the Pneumoviridae family, discovered decades ago. HMPV is related to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and is among the pathogens that cause upper and lower respiratory tract infections, especially in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. The virus spreads from person to person through direct contact or indirectly via contaminated surfaces, with increased transmission risk during winter and early spring.


 

Symptoms of HMPV Infection

- In most cases, HMPV causes mild symptoms similar to the common cold, including coughing, fever, nasal congestion, sore throat, wheezing, mild shortness of breath, and sometimes red rashes. Mild cases of HMPV infection typically resolve within a few days without medical intervention or hospitalization.

- However, in certain instances, HMPV can lead to severe lower respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia, asthma exacerbation, or worsening of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
 

Preventing HMPV Infection

Currently, there is no vaccine available for HMPV. Therefore, controlling the spread of the virus is crucial. To prevent HMPV infection, consider adopting the following habits:

1. Wash your hands frequently with soap, disinfectants, and water for at least 20 seconds.
2. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth with unclean hands.
3. Avoid close contact with people who are infected or suspected of having respiratory illnesses.
4. Stay up to date with vaccinations for respiratory diseases.
5. If you experience cold-like symptoms, take the following actions:
6. Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
7. Wash your hands regularly and thoroughly.
8. Avoid close contact and sharing personal items with others.

(Reference source: General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health)

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